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Female reproductive system
Female reproductive system
The set of organs of the reproductive system that ensure the production of female germ cells
(ovogenesis)
and female sex hormones responsible for the formation and functioning of the body according to the female type.
Includes
internal
(ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina)
and
external
(pubis, labia, clitoris)
organs.
Organs of the female reproductive system:
function cyclically (
ovarian-menstrual cycle
) under the control of hormonal and neural mechanisms during the reproductive period (from 9–14 to 45–55 years), after which they lose function and atrophy (
menopause
);
these are
the primary sexual characteristics
of women, observed in each of them since their intrauterine formation.
During puberty, as a result of increased production of sex hormones, the female body acquires
secondary sexual characteristics
(developed mammary glands, high timbre of voice, female-type physique and hair loss, increased fat content, cyclic changes in the reproductive system).
Ovary
A paired organ of the female reproductive system in which, as a result of the processes of
ovogenesis
haploid eggs are formed and female sex hormones
(estrogens, progesterone)
.
Contains
cortical
and
medullary
region:
cortical region
contains oocytes of the 1st order lying in the connective tissue stroma at different stages of growth, surrounded by follicular epithelial cells (the latter produce
estrogens
);
medullary region
is formed by connective tissue with blood vessels and nerve endings.
function cyclically — the set of organ rearrangements is designated as
ovarian cycle
(average duration — 28 days):
in the first half of the cycle
(follicular phase)
under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormone of the adenohypophysis (FSH), the growth of oocytes of the 1st order occurs, culminating in the formation of
mature (tertiary) follicles
;
in the middle of the cycle (day 14), as a result of
ovulation
the rupture of
mature follicle
occurs and the exit of the ovocyte from the ovary into the fallopian tube;
in the second half of the cycle
(luteal phase)
under the influence of luteinizing hormone of the adenohypophysis (LH) from the follicular cells of the ovulated follicle develops a
yellow body
(a temporary endocrine gland that secretes
progesterone
).
Ovary
Ovary with a corpus luteum
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Private histology
Basic concepts and terms
Nervous system
+
Sensory organs
+
Cardiovascular system
+
The system of organs of hemopoiesis and immunogenesis
+
Endocrine system
+
Digestive system
+
Respiratory system
+
Common integument
+
Urinary system
+
Male reproductive system
+
Female reproductive system
-
Ovary
Fallopian tube
Матка
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List of micropreparations, electronic microphotographs and drawings
Literature