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Bipolar and pseudounipolar neurons

Retina of the eye (Nissl stain by toluidine blue), spiral ganglion (hematoxylin and eosin), spinal ganglion (silver nitrate impregnation, hematoxylin and eosin)

Typical bipolar neurons are rather rare in bodies of mammals, including humans. They are found in the retina, spiral ganglion #1, #2 and vestibular ganglion; the neurons consist of nerve cell bodies of a rounded or elliptical shape with a dendrite and axon that are branching off from the opposite poles.

Pseudounipolar neurons #1, #2 are typical of spinal ganglia:

  • they are found at the periphery of ganglia underneath the connective tissue capsule;
  • their cell bodies are rounded, they contain clear nuclei with well-marked nucleoli and are surrounded by flattened cells of oligodendroglia called satellite glial cells;
  • when impregnated with silver salts, they show a single projection #1, #2. The projection arises from the cell body (“false solitude” effect), further branching in the shape of letter “T” into dendritic and axonal fibers.