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Muscle tissue classifications and properties
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Muscle tissue classifications and properties
Morphological classification of muscle tissues
The classification is based on the
optical properties of contractile structures
Striated muscle tissues
:
contain specialized organelles called
myofibrils
, which are striated
are classified into two kinds:
skeletal
and
cardiac
muscles
skeletal muscle tissue
is formed by
muscle fibers
that are multinucleated syncytia (a sort of cell-derived structures). They are capable of voluntary, powerful contraction; the syncytia constitute the skeletal muscle system and take part in certain internal organ functions
cardiac muscle tissue
is cellular in structure. It consists of
cardiac muscle cells
. The tissue is capable of powerful, rapid, rhythmic, involuntary contractions
Smooth muscle tissues
:
contractile filaments are not arranged in specialized myofibrils, and there is no striation
they are formed by
smooth muscle cells
they are generally found in the walls of internal organs and blood vessels. There, they are able to contract slowly, involuntarily, over a long period of time
Histogenetic classification of muscle tissues
associates tissue properties with their
embryonic origins
somatic type
is derived from the
myotomes of somites
(corresponds to the
skeletal muscle tissue
according to the morphological classification))
coelomic type
is derived from the
myoepicardial mantle
of a portion in visceral sheet of the lateral plate (corresponds to the
cardiac muscle tissue
according to the morphological classification)
mesenchymal type
is derived from the
mesenchyma
(smooth muscle tissue of vessels and internal organs according to morphological classification)
myoneural type
is derived from the
neuroectoderm
. This type is found in the iris of the eye (it is a sort of smooth muscle tissue according to the morphological classification)