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Muscle tissue classifications and properties

Morphological classification of muscle tissues
The classification is based on the optical properties of contractile structures

Striated muscle tissues:

  • contain specialized organelles called myofibrils, which are striated
  • are classified into two kinds: skeletal and cardiac muscles
  • skeletal muscle tissue is formed by muscle fibers that are multinucleated syncytia (a sort of cell-derived structures). They are capable of voluntary, powerful contraction; the syncytia constitute the skeletal muscle system and take part in certain internal organ functions
  • cardiac muscle tissue is cellular in structure. It consists of cardiac muscle cells. The tissue is capable of powerful, rapid, rhythmic, involuntary contractions

Smooth muscle tissues:

  • contractile filaments are not arranged in specialized myofibrils, and there is no striation
  • they are formed by smooth muscle cells
  • they are generally found in the walls of internal organs and blood vessels. There, they are able to contract slowly, involuntarily, over a long period of time

Histogenetic classification of muscle tissues
associates tissue properties with their embryonic origins

  • somatic type is derived from the myotomes of somites (corresponds to the skeletal muscle tissue according to the morphological classification))
  • coelomic type is derived from the myoepicardial mantle of a portion in visceral sheet of the lateral plate (corresponds to the cardiac muscle tissue according to the morphological classification)
  • mesenchymal type is derived from the mesenchyma (smooth muscle tissue of vessels and internal organs according to morphological classification)
  • myoneural type is derived from the neuroectoderm. This type is found in the iris of the eye (it is a sort of smooth muscle tissue according to the morphological classification)