Granulocytopoiesis
The stages of granulocytic lineage development are presented in Diagram of hematopoiesis
Myeloblasts - have large (more than 80% of cytoplasmic volume) rounded or elliptical nuclei with small granules of chromatin
- have a slightly basophilic cytoplasm with no granules
- divide by mitosis
- are not specific precursors of a certain granulocytic lineage
Myeloblasts q.v. #1, #2, #3. Myeloblasts in mitosis q.v. #1, #2
Promyelocytes - are large cells 16-22 μm in diameter
- have rounded or elliptical nuclei
- have a slightly basophilic cytoplasm; during the cell maturation it accumulates non-specific (azurophilic) granules with a high activity of acid phosphatase and myeloperoxidase (these are lysosomes)
- have no specific granules because there is still no difference between precursor cells of various granulocytic lineages
- divide actively
Promyelocytes with a varying number of non-specific granules q.v. #1, #2, #3, #4. Promyelocytes in mitosis q.v. #1, #2, #3
Granulocytopoiesis
Myelocytes - are sized 12 to 18 μm
- have rounded nuclei or elliptical nuclei with some heterochromatin
- have a clear cytoplasm, which may be slightly oxyphilic or slightly basophilic
- during the cell maturation the number of non-specific granules goes down while thenumber of specific ones increases
- are classified by size and staining of specific granules into neutrophilic, acidophilic, and basophilic
- represent the last step of granulocytic lineage to exhibit a mitotic activity
Neutrophilic myelocytes q.v. #1, #2, #3, #4 (mitosis). Acidophilic myelocytes q.v. #1, #2, #3, #4 (mitosis). Basophilic myelocytes q.v. #1, #2, #3
Metamyelocytes - are sized 12 to 18 μm
- have nuclei with invaginations (bean-shaped); the nuclei are dense (heterochromatin prevails)
- have many specific granules in the cytoplasm
- have no mitotic activity
- become juvenile granulocytes when coming to the peripheral blood
Neutrophilic metamyelocytes q.v. #1, #2, #3. Eosinophilic metamyelocytes q.v. #1, #2. Basophilic metamyelocyte q.v.
Granulocytopoiesis
Band cells (granulocytes) - their nucleus is С or S shaped while chromatin is more and more condensed
- are filled by specific granules in their cytoplasm
- have no potential to divide
- are found in the peripheral blood
Band shaped neutrophils q.v. #1, #2, #3. Band-shaped eosinophils q.v. #1, #2. Band-shaped basophil q.v.
Segmented granulocytes - are present at the last stage of granulocytopoiesis
- have nuclei with bridges that segregate them into lobes (segments)
- have 3-5 segments of nuclei in neutrophils, while eosinophils are bilobed, and basophils do not always exhibit a segmented structure of nuclei
- have specific granules filling the cytoplasm
- do not divide
- circulate in the blood stream for several hours upon leaving the bone marrow, then migrating to other tissues to exert certain specific functions
Segmented neutrophils q.v. #1, #2. Segmented eosinophils q.v. #1, #2. Mature basophil